Health News Network / 3-25-03
1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical
Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army
Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on American
soldiers and civilian hospital patients.
1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with syphilis are never told of
their illness, are denied treatment, and instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to follow the
progression and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families
never told that they could have been treated.
1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from Pellagra over a span of two
decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency
admits it had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to
act since most of the deaths occured within poverty-striken black populations.
1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to study the effects of
new and experimental drugs to
combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their
own actions during the Holocaust.
1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately 4,000
servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day Adventists who
chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active duty.
1943 In response to Japan’s full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S. begins research on biological
weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.
1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing. Individuals were locked in a
gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite.
1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army intelligence, and the CIA recruit
Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top secret
government projects in the United States.
1945 “Program F” is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This is the most
extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride, which was the key chemical component in
atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes
marked adverse effects to the central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in
the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale production of
atomic bombs.
1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical experiments. In order to allay
suspicions, the order is given to change the word “experiments” to “investigations” or “observations”
whenever reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation’s veteran’s hospitals.
1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission issues a secret document
(Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will begin administering intravenous
doses of radioactive substances to human subjects.
1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American intelligence.
Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and without their knowledge.
1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert areas and
monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates.
1950 I n an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to biological attack,
the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are
situated throughout the city in order to test the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with
pneumonia-like symptoms.
1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests using disease-producing bacteria and viruses.
Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that people in the surrounding areas have been
exposed.
1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St. Louis,
Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their
intent is to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.
1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of people in New
York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus
glogigii.
1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program designed to produce
and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind control and behavior modification.
Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.
1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations with biological agents,
releases a bacteria withdrawn from the Army’s biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.
1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as a chemical
incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.
1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon
Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health officials test victims for effects.
1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army’s Chemical Warfare Laboratories for its effect on
intelligence.
1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field testing of LSD in
Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european population is code named Project THIRD
CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.
1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to develop a
capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of mind-altering drugs.
1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to dioxin, the highly
toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for
development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all
along.
1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects of certain drugs on
humans and animals.
1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York City subway
system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the
bacteria onto ventilation grates.
1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to MKULTRA and
designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical weapons.
1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by injecting chemicals into the
water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.
1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from congress $10 million to
develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.
1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R. 15090. The project, under
the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the
army’s top secret biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques
are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses.
1970 United States intensifies its development of “ethnic weapons” (Military Review, Nov., 1970),
designed to selectively target and eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to
genetic differences and variations in DNA.
1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick’s Center for Biological Warfare Research is renamed the
Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the supervision of the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) . It is here that a special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy,
purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to
which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).
1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated areas had
been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San
Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.
1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC, begin in New York, Los
Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual
men.
1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York, Los Angeles and San
Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine
1985 According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a fatal sheep virus, are
very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and evolutionary relationship.
1986 According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and
VISNA are highly similar and share all structural elements, except for a small segment which is
nearly identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to
produce a new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.
1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government’s current generation of biological
agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through
genetic engineering to change immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing
vaccines.
1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning research and development of
biological agents, it continues to operate research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around
the nation.
1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los Angeles are given an
“experimental” measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in the United States. CDC
later admits that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their children was
experimental.
1994 With a technique called “gene tracking,” Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer
Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an
altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological
weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating
that it had been man-made.
1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50 years the
Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military personnel in human
experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard and
nerve gas, ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War
.
1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals and scientists who had
performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity from prosecution in exchange for data
on biological warfare research.
1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during the Gulf War
had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas
Department of Corrections.
1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were exposed to chemical agents.
1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an investigation into bioweapons
use & Gulf War Syndrome.
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